Common Latin Words Found in Genealogical Records

Common Latin Words Found in Genealogical Records Latin terms are often encountered by genealogists in early church records, as well as in many legal documents. You can learn to interpret the Latin language you encounter with by applying an understanding of keywords  and phrases. Common genealogy terms, including record types, events, dates, and relationships are listed here, along with Latin words with similar meanings (i.e., words commonly used to indicate marriage, including marry, marriage, wedding, wedlock and unite). Latin Basics Latin is the mother language for many modern European languages, including English, French, Spanish and Italian. Therefore, Latin will be found used in the earlier records of most European countries, as well as in Roman Catholic records around the world. Latin Language Essentials The most important thing to look for in Latin words is the root, as it will give you the basic meaning of the word. The same Latin word may be found with multiple endings, depending on the way the word is used in the sentence. Different endings will be used if a word is masculine, feminine or neuter, as well as to indicate singular or plural forms of a word. The endings of Latin words can also vary depending on the grammatical usage of the words, with specific endings used to indicate a word used as the subject of the sentence, as a possessive, as the object of a verb, or used with a preposition. Common Latin Words Found in Genealogy Documents Record TypesBaptismal Register - matricula baptizatorum, liberCensus - censusChurch Records - parish matrica (parish registers)Death Register - certificato di morteMarriage Register - matrica (marriage register), bannorum (register of marriage banns), liberMilitary - militaris, bellicus Family EventsBaptism / Christening - baptismi, baptizatus, renatus, plutus, lautus, purgatus, ablutus, lustratioBirth - nati, natus, genitus, natales, ortus, oriundusBurial - sepulti, sepultus, humatus, humatioDeath - mortuus, defunctus, obitus, denatus, decessus, peritus, mors, mortis, obiit, decessitDivorce - divortiumMarriage - matrimonium, copulatio, copulati, conjuncti, nupti, sponsati, ligati, maritiMarriage (banns) - banni, proclamationes, denuntiationes RelationshipsAncestor - antecessor, patres (forefathers)Aunt - amita (paternal aunt); matertera, matris soror (maternal aunt)Brother - frater, frates gemelli (twin brothers)Brother-in-law - affinis, sororiusChild - ifans, filius (son of), filia (daughter of), puer, prolesCousin - sobrinus, generDaughter - filia, puella; filia innupta (unwed daughter); unigena (only begotten daughter)Descendant - proles, successioFather - pater (father), pater ignoratus (unknown father), novercus (stepfather)Grandchild - nepos ex fil, nepos (grandson); neptis (granddaughter)Grandfather - avus, pater patris (paternal grandfather)Grandmother - avia, socrus magna (maternal grandmother)Great-grandchild - pronepos (great grandson); proneptis (great granddaughter)Great-grandfather - proavus, abavus (2nd great grandfather), atavus (3rd great grandfather)Great-grandmother - proavia, proava, abavia (2nd great grandmother)Husband - uxor (spouse), maritus, sponsus, conjus, coniux, ligatus, virMother - materNiece /Nephew - amitini, filius fratris/sororis (nephew), filia fratris/sororis (niece)Orphan, Foundling - orbus, orbaParents - parentes, genitoresRelatives - propinqui (relatives); agnati, agnatus (paternal relatives); cognati, cognatus (maternal relatives); affines, affinitas (related by marriage, in-laws)Sister - soror, germana, glos (husbands sister)Sister-in-law - glorisSon - filius, natusSon-in-law - generUncle - avunculus (paternal uncle), patruus (maternal uncle)Wife - vxor/uxor (spouse), marita, conjux, sponsa, mulier, femina, consorsWidow - vidua, relictaWidower - viduas, relictus DatesDay - dies, dieMonth - mensis, mensesYear - annus, anno; often abbreviated Ao, AE or aEMorning - maneNight - nocte, vespere (evening)January - JanuariusFebruary - FebruariusMarch - MartiusApril - AprilisMay - MaiusJune - Junius, IuniusJuly - Julius, Iulius, QuinctilisAugust - AugustusSeptember - September, Septembris, 7ber, VIIberOctober - October, Octobris, 8ber, VIIIberNovember - November, Novembris, 9ber, IXberDecember - December, Decembris, 10ber, Xber Other Common Latin Genealogical TermsAnd others - et alii (et. al)Anno Domini (A.D.) - in the year of our LordArchive - archiviaCatholic church - ecclesia catholicaCemetery (graveyard) - cimiterium, coemeteriumGenealogy - genealogiaIndex - indiceHousehold - familiaName, given - nomen, dictus (named), vulgo vocatus (alias)Name, surname (family name) - cognomen, agnomen (also nickname)Name, maiden - look for from or of to indicate maiden namenata (born), ex (from), de (of)Obit - (he or she) diedObit sine prole (o.s.p.) - (he or she) died without offspringParish - parochia, pariochialisParish priest - parochusTestes - witnessesTown - urbeVillage - vico, pagusVidelicet - namelyWill/Testament - testamentum

Cause And Effect Essay On Smoking Example For Students

Cause And Effect Essay On Smoking Microsoft Windows 98 README for Online Services and Internet Service ProvidersApril 1998 (c) Copyright Microsoft Corporation, 1998HOW TO USE THIS DOCUMENTTo view the document on-screen in Notepad, maximize the Notepad window. To print Services.txt, open it in Notepad, and then on the File menu, click Print. CONTENTSOVERVIEWPRODUCT SUPPORT AND PAYMENTSTO SET UP A NEW ACCOUNTTO SET UP YOUR COMPUTER TO USE AN EXISTING ACCOUNTOVERVIEW========The online services and Internet service providers (ISPs) listed in this folder are made available for your convenience. You can select any of the available online services or Internet service providers you like. PRODUCT SUPPORT AND PAYMENTS============================By selecting an online service or Internet service provider (ISP) listed in this folder, you are establishing an account with that company directly, not with Microsoft Corporation. The service you select can provide you with specific payment instructions. Microsoft does not provide technical support for the services that your online service or ISP renders. If you have any questions concerning a particular online services or Internet service providers policies or content, contact them directly. Technical Support contact information for the online services/ISPs in this folder are listed below. America Online (in the U.S.)-Telephone:Technical Support: 1 (800) 827-3338Sales and Billing: 1 (800) 827-6364America Online (in the U.K.)-Telephone: Technical Support Customer Service Centre: 0800 279-7444General Inquiries: 0800 376-5432Online:Further information about terms and conditions are available online. AOL Canada (in Canada)-Telephone:Technical Support: 1 888 265-4357General Inquiries: 1 888 265-4357Online:Further information about terms and conditions are available online. ATT WorldNet Service Telephone (U.S., Puerto Rico, and U.S. Virgin Islands):Technical Support: 1 800 400-1447General Inquiries: 1 800 967-5363Online:Members should get support at http://www.worldnet.att.net/careGeneral information for non-members is available at http://www.att.netCompuServe (in the U.S. and Canada)Telephone:Customer Service: 1 (800) 848-8990Signup Support: 1 (800) 336-6823Online:To access online assistance, type GO MEMBER. CompuServe (in the U.K.)Telephone:Customer Service:0990 000-400Signup Support:0990 134-819Technical Support:0990 000-100Online:To access online assistance, type GO MEMBER. For real-time technical support, type GO UKHF to access the UK Help Forum. The Microsoft Network (MSN)Telephone:Dial 888-MSN-TIPS (888-676-8477) for FastTips on MSN issues. Customer Service:Australia 02 9934 9000Canada (English) 800-386-5550Canada (French) 800-952-1110Canada TDD (English) 800-840-9890United Kingdom 0345 000 111United States 800-386-5550United States TDD 800-840-9890If you are calling from a country not listed above, dial 44 181 607 0012 for English-language Customer assistance. Technical Support:Australia 02 9934 9000Canada (English) 425-635-7019Canada (French) 425-635-7020Canada TDD (English) 425-635-4948United Kingdom 0345 000 111United States 425-635-7019United States TDD 425-635-4948If you are calling from a country not listed above, dial 44 181 607 0012 for English-language Technical assistance. Online:Click MSN Member Support E-mail to send in your question. Prodigy Internet-Telephone (U.S. and Canada only):Customer Service: 1 (800) 213-0992Signup Support: 1 (800) 213-0992Online:To access online assistance, go to HELP. TO SET UP A NEW ACCOUNT=======================If you decide to select one of the online services or Internet service providers listed in this document, click the icon for that particular online service or Internet service provider in the Online Services folder on the desktop. This begins the installation process for setting up access to that service on your computer. TO SET UP YOUR COMPUTER TO USE AN EXISTING ACCOUNT==================================================If you already have an account established with one of the online services or Internet service providers listed in this document, click the icon for that particular service in the Online Services folder on the desktop to begin the installation process for use with your existing account. Each online service/ISP is responsible for the way this process is handled.

Business research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Business - Research Paper Example It is social investigation methods where different questions are being asked by researchers to collect data for their researches. It is a method which will help the researcher to get information about customer’s satisfaction levels from South Wales University. In this research participants of the survey are university students. In this research students of the university are given some question. Those questions are to be answered on the basis of one to seven scales. Starting from scale one which signifies that the participants strongly agree with the statement and scale seven signifies that participants strongly disagree with the statement. In this research the survey is having 27 questions. The survey has been divided into six parts. In the first part of the survey questions were related with Demographics of university students (Roger, 2006). This part is consisting of 5 questions and here one to seven scales have not been used. Here all questions are very simple in nature an d all questions are having more than one option for furnishing information. This part will help researcher to get all different information related with customer’s demography. The next portion of the survey is related with different aspects of lecturers in the university. This portion of the survey is having six questions. Here all six questions are have to be answered on the basis of one to seven scales. Third portion of the survey focuses on class rooms of the university. This part is having seven questions. Those entire questions are to be answered on the basis of 1-7 scales. It would give clear information to researcher about class rooms of the university (Keith, 2003). The fourth stage of the survey is related with library of the university. The portion is having 4 questions to answer on the basis of 1-7 scales. 5th portion of the survey is related with course materials of the university. This portion is having 3 questions on

Past market failure and present development of Marks and Spencer in Essay

Past market failure and present development of Marks and Spencer in internationalization - Essay Example The promotional strategies in UK were not successful as the company was implementing strategies which were old fashioned and outdated. Instead, the company decided on using celebrity endorsement strategies using big celebrities such as Elizabeth Jagger, Twiggy, Danii Minogue, Laura Bailey etc, to target UK customers (Hackley, 2009). Looking at the present promotional strategies, the company thought that celebrity endorsement will be the best strategy for creating positive brand equity. Since most of the products of the retail chain are perceived to be of high quality and sourced in an ethical manner, the pricing strategy for grocery products has been placed above average (Alon, 2006). The target management strategy which M&S has been following is to be in line with luxury brands such as John Lewis, Bhs, Debenhams and Next. However, apparel pricing is lower than rest of the brands as the retail chain wants its products to be affordable (Kotabe and Helsen, 2001). Distribution strategie s are planned so that products are able to reach target customers through the most efficient channel. Most of the distribution channels are backed by wholesalers, retailers, online sales, forwarding and customs clearing agent, sales executives from the company etc (Zhao, Niu and Castillo, 2010). The objective is to increase the overall customer reach. Therefore location has been the key priority for M&S while establishing its base in any foreign country. In most of the foreign countries, M&S have chosen those geographical locations which are near to the major trading areas as well as attract local customers from the surroundings (Fernie, 1992). Most of the company stores are located... Even though Marks and Spencer has been able to retain its position as a pioneer in retail products, it is no surprise that the company needs new strategies, media channels and distribution plans in order to establish itself as the most preferred one-stop retail store. New formats of the model retail will have to be developed in order to revive its positioning in the international market. Marks and Spencer has always been known for its knowledge of exact customer demands. They have always been a customer friendly organisation. Thus the first step for the retail chain will be to retain this place. In order to do this the company will have to arrange a comprehensive data base of customers in the country where the company has established its base. This can be achieved through a number of sources such as national geo-demographics, panels specialising in industry details such as fashion and national lifestyle lists. The company can also use details from its active accounts which are more t han 4 million in number as of now. Once the company gets sufficient information from the database, the next target will be to attract these customers. In order to do this customer can be divided into specific target segments according to age, demographics, gender and lifestyle etc. For example, to target women the company can hire local product designers who will be responsible for designing popular and largely accepted clothing range. The company can also cross-merchandise various ranges and spread offers across various relevant channels. Point of sale displays and advertisements can also be created in order to attract this specific segment. Customer feedback is another strategy which can be very helpful in making effective marketing and management strategies

Alexander Ghram Bell :: essays research papers

Alexander Graham Bell's invention of the telephone grew out of his research into ways to improve the telegraph. His soul purpose was to help the deaf hear again. Alexander Graham Bell was not trying to invent the telephone, he was just trying to help out people in need. Young Alexander Graham Bell, Aleck as his family knew him, took to reading and writing at a precociously young age. Bell family lore told of his insistence upon mailing a letter to a family friend well before he had grasped any understanding of the alphabet. As he matured, Aleck displayed what came to be known as a Bell family trademark--an expressive, flexible, and resonant speaking voice. Born in Edinburgh, Scotland, the inventor spent one year at a private school, two years at Edinburgh's Royal High School (from which he graduated at 14), and attended a few lectures at Edinburgh University and at University College in London, but he was largely family-trained and self-taught. He moved to the United States, settling in Boston, before beginning his career as an inventor. With each passing year, Alexander Graham Bell's intellectual horizons broadened. By the time he was 16, he was teaching music and elocution at a boy's boarding school. He and his brothers, Melville and Edward, traveled throughout Scotland impressing audiences with demonstrations of their father's Visible Speech techniques. Visible Speech was invented by their father but he didn’t have much luck with it. It is a technique were ever sound that comes out of a persons mouth can be represented with a visual character. In 1871, Bell began giving instruction in Visible Speech at the Boston School for Deaf Mutes. Attempting to teach deaf children to speak was considered revolutionary. Bell's work with his deaf students in Boston would prove to be a watershed event in his life. One of his pupils, Mabel Hubbard, was the daughter of a man--Gardiner Greene Hubbard-- who would go on to play a vital role in Bell's life and work. While Mabel herself would one day become his wife. Bell felt that a course had been set and he would go on to consider himself, above all else, a teacher of the deaf Bell had the good fortune to discover and inspire Thomas Watson, a young repair mechanic and model maker, who assisted him enthusiastically in devising an apparatus for transmitting sound by electricity. As the two collaborated on ways to refine Bell's "harmonic telegraph," Bell shared with Watson his vision of what would become the telephone.

Prince Henry the Navigator and Zheng He

Prince Henry and Zheng He Comparison Throughout history, many people strived for glory by exploring new lands. They hoped to leave an impact while gaining money and success. Zheng He of China and Prince Henry of Portugal, both set out on maritime expeditions. Prince Henry is widely known and remembered while Zheng He is recognized for being a eunuch. Both used maritime travel to gain economic influence, power and success for their rulers, and to successfully gain economic dominance over the new, conquered lands. However, the two voyagers differed greatly in their reasons for exploration. Henry wanted to spread his religion and focused on gaining allies while Zheng He strived to gain knowledge, trade, and force people to acknowledge Chinese power. In addition, Zheng He actually led these voyages while Henry just funded them. Finally, Portugal largely supported Prince Henry’s expeditions while Zheng He was granted little to no support in China. The structures and values of Portugal and Spain differed greatly. This contributed to how each explorer is remembered. The Portuguese, relied heavily on foreign supplies. Portugal’s capitalist economy allowed many people to conduct and go on explorations. This made Henry’s voyages heavily supported and made expansion possible. Unlike Portugal, China did not have a high demand for foreign supplies. It was a largely self-reliant empire and many citizens believed it was higher than all others. Therefore they did not believe that exploration was necessary. In addition, Confucian scholars believed it was â€Å"demeaning† to rely on any other nations. Consequently, Zheng He’s voyages were barely supported, and he was considered to be a â€Å"servant† of the emperor with little to no independence. Moreover, China relied heavily on their land army while Portugal relied on their navy. Soon, China burnt Zheng He’s works and banned the creation of ships. Throughout Portugal, Prince Henry was highly renowned while in China Zheng He was unacknowledged. Some parts of Prince Henry and Zheng He’s voyages and accomplishments differed greatly. Economically, Zheng He was focused on trading while Henry used the newfound nations to obtain more wealth and allies for Portugal. Zheng He stressed China’s rule and strived to obtain knowledge. However, Prince Henry was more focused on gaining allies. Henry’s several attempts to gain allies can be linked with his desire to gain strength to fight the Muslims on the Iberian Peninsula. When Henry came into contact with other cultures, it was his Christian duty to spread his faith. Zheng He had no desire to spread his religion during his voyages, but he was quite tolerant of other religions. Prince Henry simply guided and controlled the voyages and expansion while Zheng He traveled and led the Chinese on explorations around the world. Though both men traded with the new lands, Zheng He traded rare goods while Prince Henry acquired humans. Zheng He and Prince Henry clearly differed in their reasons for exploration. Prince Henry and Zheng He’s ways of expanding shared several similarities. Both men set out to expand power for their rulers. China and Portugal were extremely advanced in maritime knowledge, which was uncommon, but it allowed for expansion. In addition, both wanted to help their rulers achieve the goal of global dominance, proving that the people of each society highly regarded their rulers. To achieve this goal, both developed boats and relied on their navy. Henry and Zheng He were polite and respectful to the locals, though the Chinese were less forceful than the Portuguese. They also both wanted to impose economic dominance by their homelands over each new land but neither used force. Overall, both Zheng He and Henry successfully expanded their nation’s influence while also accomplishing their exploration goals. Though the voyages of Prince Henry differed with those of Zheng He, the two still maintained many similarities. With such similar achievements, it is surprising that Prince Henry is celebrated and well known while Zheng He is forgotten and disregarded. However, their homelands differed greatly in the way they viewed travel and foreign connections. Portugal’s relied heavily on outside goods allowing for Prince Henry to be regarded as one of the first people to participate in maritime voyages during the age of exploration. However, China was strongly against interacting with the outside world so proof of Zheng He’s achievements were burned and disregarded. Over time, many historians have begun to recognize Zheng He’s expeditions and refer to him as an important voyager during the age of exploration. Without Prince Henry, Zheng He, and other explorers, people believe that the world would not have turned into what it is today.

Children Who Suffer With Learning Disabilities - 1138 Words

Children who suffer with learning disabilities struggle with communicating not only at school, but even within their very own family. The desired lifesaving cure may not exist yet, but with the help of a community, a child can develop the imperative skills he or she desperately needs to become literate. Literacy means to be able to participate in a society. It does not matter if someone’s language is perfect without a grammatical error in sight or if their language is filled with insufficient mistakes. All that matters is if a person is capable of understanding the other’s main concept. I recently learned this eye-opening lesson about literacy from my three year old cousin battling with a recent diagnosis of autism. I remember the day she was born. Everyone cheered when it was announced that there was a beautiful baby girl being added to the family. 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